Turbocharged

A turbocharger uses the engine's own exhaust flow to spin a small turbine that forces extra air into the cylinders. More air means more fuel can burn, so a small engine can produce the power of a much larger one.

Automakers use turbocharging to keep power up while engine sizes shrink for efficiency. The trade-offs are a brief delay in response called turbo lag, and real-world fuel economy that depends heavily on how hard you push the engine.